In 2016, the CDC reported a significant rise in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), from 1 in 151 children in 2002 to 1 in 68 by 2016. However, this statistic underestimates the true number of children with ASD, as many diagnoses are made after the age of 5, typically when children enter school. Despite strong evidence that ASD can be reliably diagnosed before the age of 2, many children still receive their diagnosis later, delaying treatment. Unfortunately, there is no data on the exact prevalence of ASD in children under 5, but research consistently shows that the best outcomes for children with ASD occur when treatment begins before 28 months of age. Therefore, early intervention is essential for optimal behavioral, cognitive, and social development in children with ASD.
Since 1987, extensive research has highlighted Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) as the most effective approach for improving cognitive, language, and social skills in children with autism. Studies have also shown that the earlier children begin therapy, the more successful they are in achieving developmental milestones. In one study focusing on toddlers, children who received ABA therapy demonstrated substantial improvements in cognitive abilities, communication, motor skills, social-emotional development, and adaptive behavior. These children also exhibited a noticeable reduction in the severity of their autism symptoms compared to their initial assessments. This is why organizations like New York State Guidelines emphasize ABA as the only proven therapy to improve outcomes for children with autism.
Age plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of ABA therapy. While it is never too late to start, children who begin therapy at a younger age and receive an average of 191 sessions in the first two years show significantly better results than those who start later. Early starters experience fewer challenges with learning, communication, and have fewer ASD symptoms compared to children who begin therapy at older ages. The improvements seen after less than 300 hours of therapy are remarkable and suggest that continued interventions will only amplify these gains for children who receive ABA therapy as early as possible.
The primary aim of ABA therapy is to enhance the quality of life for those diagnosed with ASD. Extensive research shows that ABA therapy boosts cognitive and social skills, with earlier intervention yielding the best results. Delaying therapy only limits the benefits a child with ASD will experience, creating more obstacles in communication and learning. It's important to note that the goal of treatment is not to "cure" autism, but to address and reduce harmful ASD symptoms that impact a child’s wellbeing. These symptoms are easier to manage and treat with early intervention. For the best possible outcomes and quality of life, it is critical for caregivers and service providers to begin ABA therapy as early as possible.
Reference:
Makrygianni, M. K., Gena, A., Katoudi, S., & Galanis, P. (2018). A meta-analysis of applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 51, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.006